离体纽扣电池致食管腐蚀伤动物模型构建及植物油的干预影响

Establishment of an animal model of button battery‑induced esophageal injury ex vivo and investigation of interventive effect of vegetable oil

摘要:

目的 利用离体食管组织实验的方法建立新西兰兔食管纽扣电池腐蚀伤的模型，并通过食管组织病理学评分评价植物食用油对纽扣电池损伤食管的干预效果。方法 选取18只雄性新西兰家兔离体食管段标本约10 cm，截为长约5 cm的食管段，随机分为建模组（按实验后时间的不同，分为15 min、2 h、6 h组）、干预组（按灌注液的不同，分为橄榄油、花生油、大豆油组），每组6段，共36段。建模组（3个时间点组）在食管段内置入纽扣电池，观察食管段内电池电压下降值、负极接触部位pH值，同时对食管损伤部位组织标本进行病理损伤评分；干预组（3种灌注液组）食管段内置入纽扣电池15 min后，分别灌注橄榄油、花生油、大豆油，并在置入纽扣电池后6 h观察上述指标。通过单因素方差分析比较不同时间点纽扣电池对食管黏膜组织的损伤程度以及3种植物食用油对纽扣电池引起的食管组织损伤干预效果的差异。结果 建模3组食管负极接触区域的pH差异无统计学意义（9.50±0.56、10.67±0.80、11.17±0.40，F=1.955，P>0.05），放电电压［（42.67±4.60）mV、（90.00±2.07）mV、（125.83±2.80）mV，F=156.9，P<0.001］与病理损伤评分［（3.50±1.09）分、（5.33±0.72）分、（8.67±0.67）分，F=9.623，P=0.002］差异有统计学意义，建模损伤6 h组与干预3组比较，病理损伤评分［（8.67±0.67）分、（7.33±0.62）分、（6.50±0.43）分、（6.67±0.42）分，F=3.279，P=0.042］差异有统计学意义，花生油干预组与建模损伤6 h组病理损伤评分差异有统计学意义（平均差=2.167，P<0.05）。结论 家兔食管通过离体实验方式可以模拟纽扣电池致食管腐蚀伤，并进行相关干预研究。家庭常用的花生油可减轻纽扣电池引起的食管腐蚀伤，为临床制订食管腐蚀伤院前保护提供实验依据。

Abstract:

Objective To establish an ex vivo model of button battery‑induced esophageal injury in New Zealand rabbits and evaluate the interventive effects of vegetable oil through esophageal histopathological scoring. Methods Thirty‑six esophageal segments (≈5 cm length) from 10 cm specimen of 18 male rabbits were divided into model groups (15‑min, 2‑hr, and 6‑hr exposure; n=6/group) and intervention groups (olive/peanut/soybean oil infusion; n=6/group). Button batteries were inserted to esophageal segments of model groups. Voltage drop of the battery, pH at negative electrode contact site, and histopathological injury scores were assessed. In the intervention group, button batteries were placed in the esophageal segment for 15 minutes, and olive oil, peanut oil, and soybean oil were infused. The above indicators were observed 6 hours after the button batteries were placed. One‑way ANOVA was used to compare the differences of esophageal mucosal tissue damage across time points and oil types. Results There was no significant difference in the pH value of the negative electrode contact area (9.50±0.56, 10.67±0.80, 11.17±0.40, F=1.955, P>0.05), but the discharge voltage (42.67±4.60 mV, 90.00±2.07 mV, 125.83±2.80 mV, F=156.9, P<0.001) and pathological injury scores (3.50±1.09 scores, 5.33±0.72 scores, 8.67±0.67 scores, F=9.623, P=0.002) in the model groups were significantly different. There was significant difference in pathological injury score between the 6‑hour model group and the three intervention groups (8.67±0.67 scores, 7.33±0.62 scores, 6.50±0.43 scores, 6.67±0.42 scores, F=3.279, P=0.042). The difference in pathological injury score between the peanut oil intervention group and the 6‑hour model group was statistically significant (mean difference=2.167, P<0.05). Conclusion This ex vivo model effectively simulates battery‑induced esophageal injury. Household peanut oil demonstrates significant protective effects, providing experimental basis for prehospital management of battery corrosion.