主细胞为主型胃底腺型胃癌的内镜及临床病理特征分析

Endoscopic and clinicopathological features of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type of chief cell predominant type

摘要:

目的 探讨主细胞为主型胃底腺型胃癌（gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type of chief cell predominant type，GA‑FG‑CCP）的临床、内镜与病理学特征、治疗及预后。方法 收集2018年1月—2023年5月在宁波市医疗中心李惠利医院和上海市东方医院经病理组织学诊断为GA‑FG‑CCP的40例患者（41个病变）资料，分析其临床及内镜特征、病理学特征、免疫组化结果、内镜治疗、预后情况。结果 40例GA‑FG‑CCP患者中，男15例、女25例，平均年龄60.03岁，临床上多无明显不适症状，均无肿瘤家族史。除1例外，其余均无幽门螺杆菌感染。白光观察的内镜特征：①主要位于胃体上部（63.41%，26/41）；②褪色/白色调（56.10%，23/41）；③扩张的树枝状血管（78.05%，32/41）；④背景黏膜无萎缩改变（100.00%，41/41）。窄带光成像放大观察：①无明显边界（85.37%，35/41）；②腺窝开口部扩大（87.80%，36/41）；③窝间部增宽（92.68%，38/41）；④缺乏不规则的微血管结构（95.12%，39/41）。患者活检标本病理均证实为胃底腺型肿瘤。肿瘤主要由异型程度低、类似主细胞分化的细胞组成，但也有散在壁细胞，多呈不规则、融合性生长的腺管。40例患者中20例未接受内镜治疗。接受内镜切除治疗的20例21个病变中，12个浸润至黏膜下层（20~520 µm），9个为黏膜内癌。无淋巴管及血管浸润，水平及垂直切缘阴性。免疫组化染色结果：胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ和MUC6阳性，H+‑K+‑ATPase散在少数阳性，Ki‑67肿瘤细胞增殖指数低，MUC5AC、MUC2和CD10均阴性。患者平均随访15.85个月，期间均无复发或转移。结论 GA‑FG‑CCP是一种分化非常好的罕见肿瘤类型，临床症状不明显，但内镜下有特征性表现，应用白光和窄带光成像放大观察可提高检出率，病理和免疫组化染色可明确诊断。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the clinical, endoscopic and pathological features, and treatment and prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma of fundic gland type of chief cell predominant type (GA‑FG‑CCP). Methods Data of 40 GA‑FG‑CCP patients with 41 lesions diagnosed by histopathology at Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital and Shanghai East Hospital from January 2018 to May 2023 were collected. Their clinical and endoscopic features, pathological features, immunohistochemical results, endoscopic treatment, and prognosis were analyzed. Results Among the 40 GA‑FG‑CCP patients, there were 15 males and 25 females, and the mean age was 60.03 years. Most of them had no obvious clinical symptoms or family history of tumor. Except one case, others had no helicobacter pylori infection. The endoscopic features of white light observation were: ① the main location was the upper part of the gastric body (63.41%, 26/41); ② faded or whitish mucosal surface (56.10%, 23/41); ③ dilated vessels with branch architecture (78.05%, 32/41); ④ no background mucosal atrophy (100.00%, 41/41). The features of magnifying endoscopy with narrow band imaging (ME‑NBI) were: ① no obvious demarcation line (85.37%, 35/41); ② enlargement of the crypt opening (87.80%, 36/41); ③ widening of the intervening part (92.68%, 38/41); ④ lack of irregular microvascular pattern (95.12%, 39/41). All patients were confirmed gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland by biopsy. The glands showed a low degree of dysplasia, similar to the differentiation of chief cell predominant pattern, also with scattered parietal cells, forming irregular and anastomosing cords. In the 40 patients, 20 did not receive endoscopic therapy. Twelve out of 21 lesions in 20 cases treated with endoscopic resection infiltrated into the submucosa (20‑520 µm), 9 cases were intramucosal carcinoma. There was no lymphatic or venous infiltration, and horizontal and vertical margins were negative. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that the tumor was postive for pepsinogen‑Ⅰ and MUC 6, with scattered postive for H+‑K+-ATPase, but negative for MUC5AC, MUC2 and CD10, and the Ki-67 labeling index was low. No patients had recurrence or metastasis during mean follow-up of 15.85 months. Conclusion GA-FG-CCP is rare and very well differentiated. Its clinical symptoms are not obvious, but there is endoscopic characteristics. The detection rate of GA-FG-CCP can be improved by white light and ME-NBI, and the diagnosis can be confirmed by pathology and immunohistochemical staining.