内镜及黏膜组织学检查在婴儿消化道疾病中的诊疗价值

Diagnostic and therapeutic value of endoscopy and mucosal histology for digestive tract diseases in infants

摘要:

目的 探讨内镜及相关的黏膜组织学检查在婴儿消化道疾病诊治中的临床价值。方法 收集2010年1月—2021年12月入院行胃肠检查的婴儿临床资料357例，共行胃肠镜422次，分析其适应证、内镜下表现、黏膜组织学特点及诊断。结果 内镜检查中胃镜159次，结肠镜263次。患儿症状以腹泻（185例）、便血（178例）、呕吐（46例）常见。内镜下表现以非特异性炎性改变（265例）、溃疡样改变（72例）、未见异常（48例）多见。共取活检373次，其中黏膜组织学异常260次，黏膜组织学未见异常109次，而因活检组织标本太小无法分析者4次。诊断包括过敏性疾病208例，炎症性肠病45例，结构异常15例，小肠淋巴管扩张10例，自身免疫性肠炎2例和乳糜泻1例等。在内镜检查并发症方面，仅1例在结肠镜检查中并发结肠穿孔。结论 规范使用内镜为婴儿消化道疾病诊治是安全有效的，黏膜组织学检查可为部分婴儿胃肠道疾病的诊断提供重要依据。

Abstract:

Objectives To investigate the clinical value of endoscopy and mucosal histology for digestive tract diseases in infants. Methods Clinical data of 357 infants who underwent 422 gastrointestinal endoscopies from January 2010 to December 2021 were collected. The indications, endoscopic manifestations, histological features of mucosa and diagnosis were analyzed. Results A total of 159 gastroscopies and 263 colonoscopies were performed. Diarrhea (185 cases), bloody stool (178 cases) and vomiting (46 cases) were common symptoms. Endoscopy showed manifestations including non-specific inflammatory changes (265 cases), ulcer-like changes (72 cases), and normal mucusa (48 cases). A total of 373 biopsies were performed, including 260 cases of abnormal mucosal histology, 109 cases of normal mucosal histology, and 4 cases of too small biopsy specimens for analysis. Diagnoses were 208 cases of anaphylactic disease, 45 cases of inflammatory bowel disease, 15 cases of variation of structure, 10 cases of intestinal lymphangiectasis, 2 cases of autoimmune enteropathy, and 1 case of celiac disease. There was only 1 colonic perforation complicating endoscopy in terms of endoscopic complication. Conclusions It is safe and effective to perform endoscopy standardly for digestive tract diseases in infants. Endoscopy with biopsies is a greatly informative test for diagnosis in infants.