帽状息肉病临床和内镜特征及内镜下切除治疗效果

Clinical,endoscopic features of cap polyposis and its treatment efficacy by endoscopic submucosal dissection or endoscopic mucosal resection

摘要:

为了探讨帽状息肉病的临床、内镜特征，并评价其内镜下切除治疗效果，对2017年6月—2021年2月首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院行内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection，ESD）或内镜黏膜切除术（endoscopic mucosal resection，EMR）结直肠息肉切除治疗，经术后病理证实为帽状息肉病的14例病例（共56枚息肉）进行了回顾性分析。结果显示：男8例，女6例；年龄14岁～74岁，其中<60岁7例，≥60岁7例；7例（50.0%）伴消化道症状；息肉多发4例，单发10例（71.4%）；息肉位于直肠42枚（75.0%），乙状结肠13枚（23.2%），横结肠1枚；山田分型Ⅰ型44枚（78.6%），Ⅱ型3枚，Ⅲ型5枚，Ⅳ型4枚；内镜下息肉表面可见明显白色帽状覆盖物41枚（73.2%）、明显充血发红23枚，其中两者均可见8枚；2例行ESD治疗、12例行EMR治疗，均完全切除，均未出现出血、穿孔、感染等并发症；7例伴消化道症状者术后临床症状均获得缓解；11例（78.6%）随访期间完成肠镜复查，均未见息肉复发。由此可见，帽状息肉病无性别、年龄发病差异，息肉多单发，直肠及乙状结肠多见，形态以山田Ⅰ型为主，表面多有白色帽状覆盖物，患者可无明显消化道症状，内镜下切除治疗安全、有效。

Abstract:

To investigate the clinical and endoscopic characteristics and endoscopic treatment efficacy of cap polyposis, data of 14 patients (56 polyps) who were histologically diagnosed as having cap polyposis after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) or endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) in Beijing Friendship Hospital from June 2017 to February 2021 was retrospectively analyzed. Of the 14 patients, 8 were males and 6 were females. The age ranged from 14 to 74 years, including 7 cases of <60 years old and 7 cases of ≥60 years old. 7 patients (50.0%) had clinical manifestations. Four cases had multiple polyps and 10 cases (71.4%) had single polyps. There were 42 polyps (75.0%) located in the rectum, 13 (23.2%) in the sigmoid colon and 1 in the transverse colon. According to the classification of Yamada, 44 polyps (78.6%) were type Ⅰ, 3 polyps were type Ⅱ, 5 polyps were type Ⅲ and 4 polyps were type Ⅳ. Under endoscopy, there were 41 polyps (73.2%) with obvious white cap-like coverings on the surface and 23 polyps with obvious hyperemia and redness on the mucosa, 8 of which were both visible. Two cases were treated with ESD and 12 cases were treated with EMR, all of which were completely excised. No bleeding, perforation, infection or other complications occurred during and after operation. The clinical symptoms of 7 patients were relieved. During the follow-up period, 11 cases (78.6%) completed colonoscopy, and no polyp recurrence was found. In conclusion, there is no gender or age difference in patients of cap polyposis. It is usually single and located in the rectum and sigmoid colon with Yamada type Ⅰ. The surface of lesions is mostly covered with white cap. Patients may have no obvious clinical symptoms. Treatment of ESD and EMR is safe and effective for cap polyposis.