胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断肿瘤的危险因素分析

Risk factors for neoplasia in pale lesions of gastric mucosa

摘要:

目的 分析胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为肿瘤的相关危险因素，为内镜下早期诊断提供依据。方法 收集2020年1月—2021年5月在中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心消化内科行胃镜检查发现胃黏膜褪色病灶并行活检的402例患者资料进行回顾性分析。总结归纳患者性别，年龄，胃黏膜萎缩程度，病灶边界、大小、部位、形态、窄带光成像放大内镜下表现及组织病理学结果等资料，采用多因素Logistic回归分析胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为肿瘤的相关危险因素。结果 402例胃黏膜褪色病灶中，肿瘤性病变共33例（8.2%），其中高危上皮肿瘤（高级别异型增生和早期胃癌） 23例（5.7%）。患者年龄、胃黏膜萎缩程度、病灶大小、病灶表面凹陷、病灶窄带光成像放大内镜阳性征、病灶表面微血管和表面微结构均与胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为肿瘤性病变相关（P<0.05），而患者年龄、胃黏膜萎缩程度、病灶大小、病灶表面凹陷、病灶表面微结构与胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为高危上皮肿瘤相关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示，病灶长径<20 mm（OR=4.487，95%CI：1.776~11.332，P=0.001）、窄带光成像放大内镜阳性征（OR=40.510，95%CI：1.610~1 019.456，P=0.024）是胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为肿瘤性病变的独立危险因素；病灶表面微结构异常是胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为高危上皮肿瘤的独立危险因素（OR=0.003，95%CI：0.000~1.587，P<0.001）。结论 表面微结构异常、病灶大小和窄带光成像放大内镜阳性征是胃黏膜褪色病灶诊断为肿瘤的危险因素。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the risk factors for neoplasia in pale lesions of gastric mucosa, and provide clinical clues for early diagnosis. Methods A total of 402 patients with gastric mucosal pale lesions who underwent gastroscopy at The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 2020 to May 2021 were enrolled in the retrospective analysis. Data of gender and age of patients, degree of gastric mucosal atrophy, lesion boundaries, size, location, morphology, narrow band imaging magnifying endoscopy (NBI-ME) findings and histopathological results, etc. were collected for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for diagnosed as tumor. Results Among 402 cases, 33 cases (8.2%) were diagnosed as neoplasia, and 23 cases (5.7%) were high-risk epithelial neoplasia (high grade dysplasia or early gastric cancer). The age of patients, the degree of gastric mucosal atrophy, lesion size, surface depression, NBI-ME positive findings, surface microvessels and surface microstructures were related to neoplasia of gastric mucosal pale lesion (P<0.05). While the age of patients, the degree of gastric mucosal atrophy, lesion size, surface depression, surface microstructures were related to high-risk epithelial neoplasia of gastric mucosal pale lesion (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lesion diameter<20 mm (OR=4.487, 95%CI: 1.776-11.332, P=0.001) and NBI-ME positive findings (OR=40.510, 95%CI: 1.610-1 019.456, P=0.024) were independent risk factors for neoplasia, and abnormal surface microstructure of lesion was an independent risk factor for high-risk epithelial neoplasia (OR=0.003, 95%CI: 0.000-1.587, P<0.001). Conclusion Abnormal surface microstructure, the lesion size, and NBI-ME positive findings are important clues for the diagnosis of neoplasia in the pale lesions.