SpyGlass经口胆道镜在肝移植术后胆道狭窄诊治中的应用

Application of SpyGlass peroral choledochoscopy to the diagnosis and treatment of biliary stricture after liver transplantation

摘要:

探讨肝移植术后胆道狭窄在经口胆道镜（SpyGlass）下的表现及SpyGlass在困难狭窄中的治疗作用。方法 2019年1月—2020年12月就诊于西安交通大学第一附属医院肝胆外科的24例肝移植术后胆道狭窄患者，术后15.5个月（2~58个月）接受SpyGlass检查。记录并分析不同类型胆道狭窄在SpyGlass镜下表现及困难胆道狭窄SpyGlass引导下的导丝超选结果。结果 24例患者中，9例为胆道吻合口狭窄（anastomostic stricture，AS），15例为非吻合口狭窄（non⁃anastomostic stricture，NAS）。5例初治AS镜下的主要表现为瘢痕性缩窄。15例NAS无论是否初治，镜下肝门部胆管呈明显炎性增生改变，80%（12/15）合并肝内胆管结石。8例脱支架者（AS和NAS各4例）镜下狭窄消失伴局部轻度炎性增生。11例（AS 5例，NAS 6例）需SpyGlass直视下放置导丝，共6例（54.5%）成功，其中AS成功率（4/5）高于NAS（2/6）。结论 肝移植术后AS主要表现为瘢痕性缩窄，NAS主要为炎性增生，困难AS SpyGlass镜下超选具有较高的成功率。

Abstract:

Objective To explore the characteristics of biliary stricture after liver transplantation (LT) under SpyGlass peroral choledochoscopy and to investigate its treatment value for difficult stricture. Method A total of 24 patients of biliary stricture after LT at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi''an Jiaotong University underwent SpyGlass examination from January 2019 to December 2020, 15.5 months (2-58 months) after surgery. The characteristics of different types of strictures and the selective guidewire placement results by SpyGlass were recorded and analyzed. Results Of the 24 patients, 9 were anastomostic strictures (AS) and 15 others were non-anastomostic strictures (NAS). The main characteristic of 5 initial AS patients was scar constriction. Whether treated or not, all of the 15 NAS patients showed evident inflammatory hyperplasia in hilar bile duct under SpyGlass, 80% (12/15) of which were accompanied with intrahepatic biliary stones. The strictures disappeared with mild hyperplasia in 8 patients (4 AS and 4 NAS) whose biliary stents were extracted. Eleven patients (5 AS and 6 NAS) needed guidwire placement under SpyGlass, six (54.5%) of whom succeeded. The successful rate in AS patients was higher than that of NAS (4/5 VS 2/6). Conclusion The main characteristic of AS is scar constriction and that of NAS is inflammatory hyperplasia. Selective guidewire placement can be achieved by SpyGlass peroral choledochoscopy with a satisfactory successful rate in the difficult AS.