经胃联合经皮内镜治疗感染性胰腺坏死的疗效分析

Efficacy of transgastric combined with percutaneous endoscopy for infected pancreatic necrosis

摘要:

目的 评价经胃联合经皮内镜治疗感染性胰腺坏死（infected pancreatic necrosis，IPN）的疗效。方法 回顾性分析2015年8月—2020年8月在南京鼓楼医院消化内科重症监护室接受经胃联合经皮内镜治疗的19例IPN患者的临床资料，分析其临床疗效及手术相关并发症的发生情况。结果 每例患者内镜腔内引流术（endoscopic transmural drainage， ETD）治疗（1.1±0.3）次。在ETD术中，9例患者置入双腔固定支架，2例患者置入金属覆膜支架，7例置入双猪尾塑料支架，1例仅置入鼻囊肿引流管。19例患者均在首次经皮穿刺引流术（percutaneous catheter drainage， PCD）中置入12~14 F引流管进行引流，每人置管（1.8±1.2）根，其中3例患者后续更换为双套管持续引流，1例患者后续经皮置入金属覆膜支架进行引流。穿刺引流液培养结果为11例革兰阴性杆菌及革兰阳性球菌，4例革兰阳性球菌，1例革兰阳性杆菌，3例革兰阴性杆菌。19例患者中4例同时合并真菌感染。每例患者清创（3.1±1.8）次，其中2例行经皮内镜坏死组织清除术联合内镜坏死组织清除术治疗。每例患者总操作（6.1±2.4）次。术后出现出血1例（5.3%），经内镜治疗后成功止血，无消化道瘘、穿孔、胰瘘等严重并发症发生。1例死亡，原因为脓毒血症，其余18例经治疗后IPN明显吸收。19例患者均未转为开腹手术。结论 经胃联合经皮内镜治疗IPN安全有效。

Abstract:

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of transgastric combined with percutaneous endoscopic treatment for infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN). Methods Clinical data of 19 IPN patients who received transgastric combined with percutaneous endoscopy at the Gastroenterology Intensive Care Unit of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from August 2015 to August 2020 were retrospectively studied. The clinical efficacy and the procedure-related complications were analyzed. Results The mean procedure of endoscopic transmural drainage (ETD) was 1.1±0.3 times. During ETD procedure, lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) were placed in 9 patients, metal coated stents in 2 patients, double pigtail plastic stents in 7 patients, and only a nasal cyst drainage tube in 1 patient. All 19 patients received 12-14 F drainage catheters for drainage during the first percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) treatment with the mean number of catheters of 1.8±1.2. Double cannulas was subsequently replaced in 3 of them for continuous drainage, and a percutaneous metal coated stent was replaced in 1 patient. The culture results of drainage fluid were 11 cases of gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive cocci, 4 cases of gram-positive cocci, 1 case of gram-positive bacilli, 3 cases of gram-negative bacilli. Among 19 patients, 4 cases had concurrent fungal infections. The mean number of debridement was 3.1±1.8 times, 2 cases of which were treated with endoscopic transluminal necrosectomy combined with percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy. The mean procedure per patient was 6.1±2.4 times. Bleeding occurred in 1 case (5.3%) after the operation. But the bleeding was successfully stopped after endoscopic hemostasis. No serious complications such as gastrointestinal fistula, perforation or pancreatic fistula occurred. One patient died due to sepsis, and 18 other patients showed significant absorption of IPN after the treatment. None of the 19 patients were transferred to laparotomy. Conclusion Transgastric combined with percutaneous endoscopic approach is safe and effective for IPN.