早期胃癌内镜黏膜下剥离术非治愈性切除的后续治疗策略分析

Analysis of therapeutic strategy after non⁃curative endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer

摘要:

目的 评价早期胃癌内镜黏膜下剥离术（endoscopic submucosal dissection，ESD）非治愈性切除后追加外科手术的临床意义。方法 2014年1月—2020年12月，在华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院行ESD治疗，术后病理结果为非治愈性切除的69例早期胃癌病例纳入回顾性观察，依据真实世界里后续是否追加外科手术分为追加手术组（n=12）和随访组（n=57）。主要观察临床和病理资料的组间差异，追加手术组的外科手术情况，2组三年无复发和肿瘤特异性生存率，影响随访组三年无复发生存率的独立危险因素。结果 与随访组比较，追加手术组的黏膜下层浸润率［66.7%（8/12）比21.1%（12/57），χ2=7.927，P=0.005］、脉管侵犯率［33.3%（4/12）比1.8%（1/57），P=0.003］和神经侵犯率［16.7%（2/12）比0.0%（0/57），P=0.028］更高。追加手术组追加外科手术距ESD手术的间隔时间为18.5 d（7～55 d），外科手术用时（286.4±85.9）min，清扫淋巴结（25.6±7.4）枚，4例（33.3%）有肿瘤残留，4例（33.3%）发生术后并发症（均经保守治疗好转后出院），无围手术期死亡病例；有1例于外科手术后17个月发生肝转移，手术后22个月因胃癌肝转移死亡，1例外科手术后22个月因非肿瘤原因死亡，三年无复发生存率和三年肿瘤特异性生存率分别为91.7%（11/12）和91.7%（11/12）。随访组三年无复发生存率和三年肿瘤特异性生存率分别为87.7%（50/57）和100.0%（57/57）。多因素Cox回归分析显示肿瘤长径≥2 cm是影响随访组患者三年无复发生存率的独立危险因素（P=0.037，HR=15.595，95%CI：1.181～205.952）。结论 对于ESD非治愈性切除的早期胃癌患者，追加外科手术或密切随访均是安全可行的后续治疗策略，临床医师应根据患者的内镜手术病理结果，结合患者的身体状况和手术意愿进行合理选择；而对于原发肿瘤长径≥2 cm者，建议积极追加外科手术治疗。

Abstract:

【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of additional surgery after non-curative endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer. Methods Sixty-nine patients with early gastric cancer who underwent ESD and were diagnosed as having non-curative resection by postoperative pathology at Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2014 to December 2020 were included in the retrospective observation. Patients were divided into the additional surgery group (n=12) and the follow-up group (n=57). The differences in clinical and pathological data of the two groups, the surgical outcomes of the additional surgery group, three-year recurrence-free survival and tumor-specific survival of the two groups, and the independent risk factors affecting three-year recurrence-free survival in the follow-up group were analyzed. Results Compared with the follow-up group, the rates of submucosal infiltration [66.7% (8/12) VS 21.1% (12/57), χ2=7.927, P=0.005], vascular invasion [33.3% (4/12) VS 1.8% (1/57), P=0.003] and nerve invasion [16.7% (2/12) VS 0.0% (0/57), P=0.028] in the additional surgery group were significantly higher. In the additional surgery group, the interval between the additional surgery and ESD was 18.5 d (7-55 d), the surgical time was 286.4±85.9 min, and the number of dissected lymph nodes was 25.6±7.4. Four patients (33.3%) had residual tumor. Postoperative complications occurred in 4 patients (33.3%) (all were discharged after conservative treatment), and there was no perioperative death. One patient developed liver metastases 17 months after the surgery, and died 22 months after surgery due to liver metastases. One patient died 22 months after surgery due to non-tumor causes. The three-year recurrence-free survival and three-year tumor-specific survival in additional surgery group were 91.7% (11/12) and 91.7% (11/12), respectively, and those in the follow-up group were 87.7% (50/57) and 100.0% (57/57), respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that tumor size ≥2 cm was an independent risk factor for three-year recurrence-free survival in the follow-up group (P=0.037, HR=15.595, 95%CI: 1.181-205.952). Conclusion Additional surgery and close follow-up are safe and feasible therapeutic strategies for early gastric cancer patients who underwent non-curative ESD. Clinicians should make reasonable choice based on the pathological results, patients'' physical condition and surgery intention. But for patients with primary tumor size ≥2 cm, additional surgery is recommended.